The head of the laboratory for methodological and informational support of astronomy at the Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine, Mykhailo Lashko, spoke about the problem of space debris, its origin, and possible risks for humanity on the air of Ukrainian Radio.
The conversation covered how space debris is formed and why this problem has become increasingly relevant in recent years. According to the scientist, a significant portion of the debris in Earth's orbit consists of remnants of spent satellites, fragments of launch vehicles, as well as parts of spacecraft formed after collisions or explosions.
Today, near-Earth space contains thousands of objects of various sizes – from large debris to microparticles. Even small fragments pose a danger to space technology because their high speed of movement can damage satellites or space stations.
The discussion also touched on the possible consequences of large-scale orbital pollution. An excessive amount of debris can complicate the launch of new spacecraft and increase the risk of the so-called cascade collision effect, where one destruction generates new debris and new accidents.
At the same time, space debris generally does not pose a direct threat to Earth’s inhabitants. Most objects that descend from orbit burn up in the dense layers of the atmosphere. However, scientists constantly track large fragments of spacecraft to assess possible risks.
Experts emphasize that the problem of space debris requires international coordination and responsible use of near-Earth space, as space infrastructure today plays an important role in communication, navigation, meteorology, and scientific research.
More details about how space debris is formed and the challenges it creates for modern astronautics can be found in the recording of the Ukrainian Radio broadcast.