Contents of the Paton Welding Journal
no.11, 2008 |
|
Page |
| Plenary Papers for International Conference on Welding and Related
Technologies into the Third Millennium |
Glorious Jubilee | 2 |
Paton B.E. Welding and related technologies for medical applications | 11 |
|
Considered are R&D efforts and experience of using welding and related
technologies in different medical applications: electric welding of soft
live tissues to join damaged tissues and recover vital activity of human and
animal organs; hyperthermic methods for welding, cutting and treatment of
live biological tissues; magnetron sputtering of coatings used to cure
cardiovascular diseases; implants, prostheses and surgical instruments of
shape memory alloys; bioceramic microplasma coatings for endoprostheses;
composite materials produced by using nanotechnologies for targeted
transportation of medical preparations in a living organism; and
steam-plasma technologies for disposal of medical wastes. |
Gorynin I.V. and Iliin A.V. Theoretical and experimental investigations of
brittle fracture resistance of metal of welded structures for the Arctic
shelf | 20 |
|
Prevention of brittle fractures of welded structures of a shelf is an
integrated problem, including the development of base and welding materials
of high cold resistance, their certification by parameters of crack
resistance and grounding of their applicability in the structure elements at
a preset level of external effects on the basis of fracture mechanics
approaches. To follow this path, it is necessary to solve a number of
theoretical problems, connected with peculiarities of crack resistance tests
of structurally non-homogeneous material of welded joints, interpretation of
tests results, characterized by a large scattering, grounding of main
principles of conductance of estimations. It is shown that the strength
assurance by the criterion of prevention of brittle fractures requires not
only the application of cold-resistant materials, but also optimizing of
welding technology, updating of methods of non-destructive testing and
criteria of assessment of quality of welds, as well as regulation of stress
level in the structures. |
Smallbone C. Improving the global quality of life through optimum use of
welding technology | 25 |
|
This paper gives an overview of the work of IIW internationally, in various
regions of the world and industry sectors utilising welding, the challenges
being faced, opportunities available, and probable requirements for the
successful introduction and optimum use of welding technology. Successful
models used in other countries, particularly for technology diffusion to
industry, education and training, improving the image of welding and the use
of appropriate technologies will be highlighted. The involvement of industry
and governments across the world in conjunction with the work of IIW and its
52 member countries, particularly the involvement of the Ukraine, is
critical to the success of such initiatives. |
Middeldorf K. and von Hofe D. Trends in joining technology | 33 |
|
The main aspects which define the manufacture of technical products are
reviewed. The characteristics to modern technologies of material joining are
given concentrating on up-to-date developments. The forecast for the
prospects of development of joint technologies including microjoints was
made from the point of view of technical and cost efficiency. |
Fujita Y., Nakanishi Y. and Yurioka N. Advanced welding technologies in
recent industries in Japan (Review) | 40 |
|
In this paper, a trend of welding technologies in design and manufacture of
steel structures, such as ships and bridges, is reviewed. Further, the
recent advance in welding atomization and application of new welding
processes, such as laser and friction stir welding, in the Japanese
industries is presented. |
Alyoshin N.P. Modern non-destructive testing means Å main tool for structure
condition evaluation | 46 |
|
Diagnostics is an integral part of the technological process in
manufacturing materials and products. Availability of high-quality materials
and technologies of structure fabrication in the absence of effective
diagnostic methods does not guarantee safe operation. Procedure and means of
technical examination of various objects developed at ETC «Welding and
Inspection» at the N.E. Bauman MSTU, are described. |
Pokhodnya I.K. Metallurgy of arc welding of structural steels and welding
consumables | 54 |
|
Review is made of the results of investigations, carried out at the E.O.
Paton Electric Welding Institute, on the problems of metallurgy of arc
welding of structural steels and development of welding consumables.
Problems of arc stability and electrode metal transfer, evaporation of metal
and slag, formation of aerosols, interaction of metal with gases and
problems of porosity, modeling of interaction in multi-component systems,
such as metalÄgas, metalÄgasÄslag, chemical inhomogeneity, crystalline
cracks, non-metallic inclusions in welds are described. Investigations of
systems of alloying and prediction of weld metal microstructure were made,
problem of formation of hydrogen-induced cold cracks in welded joints of
high-strength low-alloy steels is elucidated. The achievements of the
Institute in the development of new welding consumables are shown and the
trends of future research works are outlined. |
Kablov E.N. and Lukin V.I. Intermetallics based on titanium and nickel for
advanced engineering products | 65 |
|
The most important task of modern materials science is development of
advanced light high-temperature materials. Modern high-temperature materials
based on solid-solution and dispersion strengthening of the metal matrix,
cannot fully meet the requirements made by designers of advanced aerospace
products. This task can be solved using advanced high-temperature materials
based on intermetallics. The most attractive for these purposes are
intermetallics formed by transition metals and aluminium, more often called
aluminides. US achievements in this field are noted. |
Xiao-Hong Li, Wei Mao, Hua-Ping Xiong, Shao-Qing Guo and Hong Yuan. Advanced
joining technologies of advanced aeronautical materials in China | 71 |
|
A number of modern technologies of joining of hard-to-welding ability
materials is presented which are applied in aerospace industry of China. The
examples of their practical application are given. |
Pilarczyk J., Banasik M., Dworak J. and Stano S. Laser techniques in modern
welding technology. Research and applications | 75 |
|
The paper contains a review of laser welding research works conducted at
Instytut Spawalnictwa (Poland). It also presents the equipment and
investigation related to the use of hybrid processes and describes
application of two types of laser groups, i.e. CO2- and Nd:YAG lasers, in
welding processes providing examples on the use of these technologies in
machine-building and automotive industries, as well as for welded tailored
and tubular blanks. |
Scotti A. Prospects of welding research development in Latin America
countries on the example of Brazil | 79 |
|
In this paper an overview of the research on welding capability and
potentiality in Brazil is presented. Through a comparison with steel and
shielding gas consumptions the potential for an increasing demand for
research on welding is established. The capability and tradition on this
matter is discussed. Statistics shows that the investment carried out on
research is increasing faster than price inflation and welding product
spending. It is described a survey of the number of Brazilian groups
research and the main subjects under study, and is presented as an example
the activities and infrastructure of one of the Brazilian groups. |
Dilthey U. Welding and joining Å key technologies for the third millennium
| 86 |
|
Welding of advanced and modern materials and joining of material
combinations create new demands for the welding and joining technologies.
During the last ten years the new processes and process variations have been
developed, particularly in the fields of arc and beam welding, with the aim
to increase the economic efficiency, to reduce the energy input and to
assure the quality of the welded joints. The so-called «cold joining
technologies» became challenging. The work presents an outline of recent
advancements of the welding and joining technologies, and specifies their
technical and economical potentials. |
Lysak V.I. and Kuzmin S.V. Deformation-energy aspects and practical
applications of explosion welding process | 92 |
|
Deformation-energy aspects of explosion welding processes have been
analyzed. The established functional correlation between the parameters of
this process in combination with the developed mathematical models, enables
controlling the energy and temperature-time conditions in the joint zone and
formation of the required structure and properties in the produced composite
materials. Examples of effective application of explosion welding are given. |
Dehelean D., Cojocaru R., Radu B. and Safta V. Monitoring the friction stir
welding process of aluminum and magnesium alloys | 99 |
|
A three-dimensional modeling of material flow during the friction stir
welding process is presented. The model considers both the heat developed
when friction takes place between the material and the tool and the plastic
deformation developed by its. The dependency between the real thermal field
during the welding process appreciated by infrared thermographic control and
the quality of welded joints is analyzed. An original on-line monitoring
system for FSW using the infrared thermography is described. |
Gorbach V.D. and Nikiforov N.I. Development of automatic thermal cutting
processes in shipbuilding, metallurgical and mechanical engineering
enterprises | 103 |
|
The paper describes investigations in the field of thermal oxygen and plasma
cutting of metals conducted at OJSC «VNIIavtogenmash», as well as
achievements of this organization and FSUE «TsNIITS» in development and wide
industrial application of new generation cutting machines in shipbuilding,
metallurgical and mechanical engineering enterprises. |
Kuchuk-Yatsenko S.I., Didkovsky A.V. and Shvets V.I. Technology and
equipment for flash-butt welding of high-strength rails | 111 |
|
The problems of weldability of heat-hardened rails of modern production
using the flash-butt welding method, development of technologies and
equipment for their joining have been considered. It was shown that some
uncontrollable impurities in rail steels deteriorate their weldability. The
technology and equipment for welding of heat-hardened rails have been
developed, providing the mechanical properties of welded joints on required
standards. |
Beloev M. Modern tendencies in the erection-welding works | 121 |
|
The paper describes the modern welding technologies used in site works in
construction of main pipelines, pumping and compressor stations,
technological pipelines in power engineering and chemistry, large-sized
structures. |
Herold H. New aspects in weldability research Å prerequisites for technology
and quality assurance in the welding process | 125 |
|
The author report on a new concept of an integrated consideration of
joinability, including all modern variations of modern joining processes is
presented. Joinability takes into account all special influences on a joint
component as affecting joint suitability in respect to material, joint
capability for processing, and joint reliability for use and service.
Special selected examples explain the self-contained concept of joinability,
and solutions for the preparation of production are offered. |
Panasyuk V. Application of fracture mechanics methods for assessment of
strength of welded structures | 131 |
|
The development of the methods of welds strength and durability assessment
are the most actual trends in the science about materials strength. It is
known that the state of material in the zone of joint weld differs from the
state of the material that is joined by certain welding technologies. There
are always different damages in the zone of the joint weldÅ defects,
residual stresses that should be taken into consideration while calculating
strength and durability of welded structures. The synthesis of some
investigations on the influence of mentioned factors on strength and
durability of welds using the concepts of up-to-date fracture mechanics of
cracked solids (fracture mechanics) are given below. |
Mayr P. and Cerjak H. New developments to overcome cold cracking in welded
martensitic creep-resistant steels | 136 |
|
HAZ of a new steel grade of the system 9CrÄ3WÄ3CoÄVÄNb with controlled
adding of boron and nitrogen was investigated using physical simulation of a
weld. After the complete thermal cycle of welding the size of grains of
primary austenite and structure of lath martensite are identical to those in
initial state. The suppression of fine-grained HAZ formation shows high
potential of a new steel as for the reduce of tendency of joints towards
cold cracks formation. |
von Hofe D. What is new with the ISO standard 3834:2005? | 141 |
|
The contribution deals with the relation between the standards ISO
3834:2005, ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9001:2000, explains the changes related to
the version ISO 3834:1994, the extension of its applicability, and their
connection with the European Directives. Moreover, it lists the requirements
on manufacturers of welded products, and mentions the possibility of
combined (harmonised) certification for the use in different regions of the
world. |
Movchan B.A. Mechanical dimensional effects in two-phase inorganic materials
| 145 |
|
Extremums of strength, ductility and hardness of two-phase metallic and
non-metallic materials containing nano- and microsized phases were
established experimentally. It is shown that the ductility maximum, minimums
of strength and hardness are characteristic of materials under the condition
of equality of mean grain size D and mean free distance (mean free path)
between the second phase particles L, i.e. at D = L. Maximums of strength
and hardness are achieved when the mean free path L is equal to the mean
distance between particles l, i.e. L = l. In microlaminate materials the
dimensional effects are manifested at values of alternating layer thickness
below 1Ä2 mm. An interrelation is established between the specific surface
of the interphases and extreme values of mechanical properties of two-phase
materials. |
Tsvetkov Yu.V. and Samokhin A.V. Plasma nanopowder metallurgy | 149 |
|
Generalized are the results of many years of research aimed at development
of physico-chemical fundamentals and optimum design-technological
realization of the processes of plasma nanopowder metallurgy, ensuring the
production of a wide range of powders of the nanosized elements and
compounds to produce on their basis nanostructured functional and structural
materials with special properties. The main directions are determined in the
path of application of the produced nanopowders and commercialization of the
developed processes of plasma nanopowder metallurgy. |
Jardy A. and Ablitzer D. Two examples of mathematical modelling in the field
of special electrometallurgy: remelting processes and metal nitriding
| 153 |
|
A continuous research in the field of special electrometallurgy was carried
out in France during the last 20 years, and numerical models of remelting
processes (ESR or VAR) have been developed. In close collaboration with the
E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute a theoretical (i.e. modelling) and
experimental study of the nitriding process of a Ni-20 % Cr alloy was
performed. |
Okamoto Y., Gillner A., Olowinsky A., Gedicke J. and Uno Y. Micro-welding of
stainless steel foil by high-speed laser scanning | 158 |
|
The characteristics of micro-welding for thin stainless steel foil were
investigated using high speed laser scanning with both single-mode fiber
laser and pulsed Nd: YAG laser. The overlap welding of 25 mm thickness sheet
could be successfully performed using a laser beam with a small focus
diameter, regardless of the presence of a small gap between two sheets. |
Wu L., Li H.C., Gao H.M. and Zhang G.J. Welding telerobotic system applying
laser vision sensing and graphics simulation | 163 |
|
In this paper a design and implementation of welding telerobotic system
(HIT-WTRS) is presented, which is dedicated to remote welding maintenance in
inaccessible or hazardous environment. The system integrated three
technologies, namely laser scan vision sensing (LSVS), stereoscopic video
display, and virtual environment-based plan and control. Three control modes
are emphasized in this system respectively, which are teleteaching,
autonomous control and virtual environment-based supervisory control. The
laser scan vision sensor is used as autonomous welding path planner, and is
also employed to provide the welding joint profile feature point for
teleteaching. The graphics environment is used as simulation and path plan
platform, and is also used as multi-viewpoint supervisory window to monitor
the remote environment when arcing. Some performance results and ways to
improve the system are discussed. |
Lobanov L.M. and Pivtorak V.A. Diagnostics of structures using methods of
electron shearography and speckle-interferometry | 171 |
|
Methods of non-destructive quality control and determination of
stress-strain state and residual stresses of welded joints and structures
using electron shearography and speckle-interferometry were developed. The
compact shearography and speckle-interferometry measuring systems have been
created allowing examination of welded structures under the conditions of
their manufacture and service. Computer systems for processing
interferograms and determination of fields of displacements, deformations
and stresses are presented. |
Keitel S. and Ahrens C. Education and training in welding and testing of
materials | 179 |
|
The education according to the IIW system which is internationally approved
is the striking example of reorganization and harmonization of national and
international standards on the personnel qualification. The preparation
technique is continuously improving through the teaching conceptions which
are supported by multimedia and Internet. Ever more complicated multimedia
technologies require opportunities of similar teaching of qualified
personnel also in the field of testing technology. |
Zubchenko A.S. Corrosion cracking of chromium-nickel steels in
high-parameter water | 183 |
|
The results of investigations of effect of oxygen and chlorine-ions on the
susceptibility to corrosion cracking of chromium-nickel austenite steels in
high-parameter water are given. For separate steels the results of tests in
boiling water solutions containing 42 % MgCl2 and 40 % CaCl2 are given. The
possibility for increase in service life of equipment and pipelines of
reactor plants using austenite steels with high content of nickel and
austenite-ferrite (duplex) steels due to their much higher resistance
against corrosion cracking in cooling water media is shown. |
Krivosheev P.I., Slyusarenko Yu.S. and Lyubchenko I.G. Scientific-technical
problems in the field of life assurance of building structures | 188 |
|
The paper deals with the problems of development of normative-legal base for
life assurance of constructions and development of methods for assessment of
the life of structures, buildings and constructions taking into account the
physico-mechanical properties of materials, technogenous and natural
effects. |
Yushchenko K.A., Zadery B.A., Savchenko V.S., Zvyagintseva A.V., Gakh I.S.
and Karasevskaya O.P. Welding and cladding of heat-resistant nickel alloys
with single-crystal structure | 191 |
|
Weldability criteria for heat-resistant single-crystal nickel alloys have
been determined. The mechanism has been studied, and causes of cracking have
been established, which include deviations of crystallographic orientation
of the weld metal from the initial one, and formation of stray grains. The
effect of welding parameters and conditions, as well as of crystallographic
orientation of welded joints, on the above characteristics has been
investigated. Conditions of formation of crack-free welds at minimal
mismatching of crystallography and structure of the base and weld metals
have been identified. |
